From colliding particles to a gas equation
How can reversible collisions of countless tiny particles produce the statistical equation used to describe the evolution of a gas?
The story1936–2026 · Mathematics, illustrated
Meet 68 mathematicians who changed how we understand shape, number and possibility. Explore their ideas through clear explanations and original illustrated guides.
Explore the awards ↓21Award editions
68Remarkable people
1936–2026Ninety years of discovery
From the first medals in 1936 to the 2026 edition. Each medalist has an individual story; subject groups are our editorial guide.
An archive of lasting ideas
Showing 12 of 68
Newest first · scroll to exploreFields Medal
4 medalists
Explore this edition ↗How can reversible collisions of countless tiny particles produce the statistical equation used to describe the evolution of a gas?
The storySymplectic geometry extracts information from families of curves, but those families can be too singular for ordinary counting to work.
The storyAn idea from mathematical logic helps distinguish exceptional arithmetic patterns from the ordinary points of complicated geometric parameter spaces.
The storyA collection containing a unit line segment in every direction can have zero volume, yet its fractal dimension remains constrained.
The storyFields Medal
4 medalists
Explore this edition ↗Random connections or microscopic spins can suddenly organize at a critical threshold, creating large-scale behavior invisible in any single component.
The storyNumbers obtained by counting finite configurations often rise and fall regularly; geometric ideas explain why certain patterns cannot fluctuate arbitrarily.
The storyPrimes become rarer as numbers grow, yet carefully designed sieve weights reveal infinitely many intervals containing several of them together.
The storyThe E8 lattice looks extraordinarily efficient, but proving optimality requires ruling out every competing arrangement, including irregular and nonperiodic packings.
The storyFields Medal
4 medalists
Explore this edition ↗Polynomial equations define endlessly many spaces; birational geometry searches for building blocks and asks how complicated those blocks can become.
The storyOptimal transport compares distributions by moving mass between them, turning a question about cheapest routes into deep information about geometric regularity.
The storyPerfectoid spaces let mathematicians transfer difficult geometric questions between characteristic zero and characteristic p, where different tools become available.
The storyNumber-theoretic objects can become points or trajectories in a geometric space, allowing dynamics to reveal patterns that direct calculation hides.
The storyTry a different name, year range or subject.
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